Societys Fate in Brave New World by Aldous Huxley

Society’s Fate â€Å"It has become appallingly obvious that our technology has exceeded our humanity† (Albert Einstein). Although the future remains difficult to predict, some ideas develop the undeniable fate of society. Throughout Brave New World, Aldous Huxley explains predictions for the future of society. The story begins by introducing Bernard Marx and his discovery of John, and his mother Linda on the reservation. This unfolds into John realizing the degree to which society has stripped their humanity. The emotionless society that Huxley displays depicts the nearing future of society. Although the future will introduce many useful tools for society, the damage done to society and personality is inevitable. Huxley’s predictions about the future focus mainly on the dealing with suffering, questioning true freedom, and perversion of spirituality. Humanity deals with suffering in many ways, and many reveal damaging side effects. Just as in today’s world, suffering in many cases leads to abuse of alcohol and drugs. More specifically in Brave New World soma offers all the advantages of Christianity and alcohol; none of their defects (Huxley 54). Although soma lacks the apparent side effects of drugs and alcohol, if analyzed properly soma only offers â€Å"advantages† to the authority controlling the people due to the ability of numbing society. Also, Huxley utilizes the comparison to â€Å"Christianity and alcohol† displaying irony due to the fact that Christianity involves the soulShow MoreRelatedA Brave New World by Aldous Huxley1756 Words   |  7 PagesAldous Huxley is best known for his novel Brave New World, which depicts a post-industrial revolution utopia. Huxley greatly feared the ramifications to an industrialized world run by consumer capitalism, which is displayed in Brave New World. The governm ent within the novel focuses solely on the bettering of technology and not scientific exploration and experimentation. The society’s values lie in instant gratification and constant happiness. The utopia is maintained through the means of drugs,Read MoreBrave New World As A Dystopian Society1139 Words   |  5 PagesBrave New World was written by Aldous Huxley in 1932. The novel was originally published in 1932 to Harper and Brothers, Publishers and copyrighted the same year. The novel is a dystopian science fiction and is 259 pages. The story creates an industrious view of society that is draws from the rise in mass production at the time it was written. These factors set up the basis of the dystopian society created by Huxley. Brave New World is set in London, World State or the United Kingdom, in the yearRead MoreThe Dystopian Society of Brave New World by Aldous Huxley1176 Words   |  5 Pagesimaginary, imperfect place where those who dwell are faced with terrible circumstances. The novel Brave New World by Aldous Huxley illustrates the concept of a dystopia. A utopia is an ideal place where everything is perfect, but in the novel, it becomes apparent that the author is trying to demonstrate the negative effects on a society when it attempts to become an unreachable utopian society. Brave New World is seen as a dystopia for many reasons, as citizens are deprived of freedom, programmed to beRead MoreAldous Huxley s Brave New World1881 Words   |  8 PagesThe satirical world that Aldous Huxley curates in Brave New World possesses a futuristic society that the culture of today has yet to reach. Within Huxley’s novel, the residents of London devote themselves to the World State and live by the i nfamous motto: â€Å"Community, Identity, Stability† (3). They pride in sexual activity and view themselves superior to other regions of the world. They travel to savage reservations, such as Malpais, for vacations and romantic getaways to observe the savage peopleRead MoreEssay on The Rocky Horror Picture Show1654 Words   |  7 Pageslove scenes made a few laugh, a few cry, and left many disgusted. Yet just how many sweet transvestites could there be in the world; certainly Aldous Huxleys Brave New Worlds idealized social and sexual interaction could have influenced this Transelvanian utopia, however odd it may seem. Also, the more we document the differences between Huxleys creation and our world, be it in entertainment or real life the more similarities stand out. 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John’s mother, Linda, is from the brave new world but gave birth to him in the savage reservation and her different behaviors based on the framework of the brave new world caused John’s isolation in the savag e reservation. John decides to move to the brave new world andRead MoreThe Handmaids Tale By Margaret Atwood And Brave New World1498 Words   |  6 Pages The Handmaids tale by Margaret Atwood and Brave New World by Aldous Huxley are both dystopian fiction novels. In both novels all the aspects of society are controlled by the government. In Brave New World Characters in the novel are kept happy through drugs and society’s roles are determined depending on the genetics and lack of education. However in Handmaids Tale characters are controlled by secret police and very strict social rules and societal roles are determined by your lack of reproductiveRead MoreEssay on Aldous Huxleys Brave New World1949 Words   |  8 Pagesof the savage reservation in New Mexico. Despite not being introduced until Chapter 7, John is seen as the centralizing character of the novel. Unlike the rest of his community, he is educated. When Lenina and Bernard come across John during their trip, they soon realize John’s biological father is the Director, Thomas. Once reaffirming this, Bernard and Lenina offer to bring John and Linda back to the World State. Hoping to connect better to the people in the World State, John gladly accepts. ItRead MoreCompare And Contrast Invisible Man And Brave New World1215 Words   |  5 PagesIn H. G. Wells book The Invisible Man, and Aldous Huxley’s Brave New World, a social struggle between the mainstream society and a character estranged from the established normal behavior of the masses of people in these novels exists. While the main characters in both of these books are different from society for entirely different reasons, analyzing these novels using marxist criticism exemplifies just how similar the societies and main characters really are. First and foremost the characters

A Short Note On The Elderly Population A Final Review Of...

Management of Heart Failure in the Elderly Population: A Final Review of Literature Synthesis Lilian Chira Introduction Heart failure is a chronic, debilitating disease affecting 5.1 million Americans; approximately 875,000 new cases are diagnosed each year (Sterne, Grossman, Migliardi, and Swallow, 2014). Heart failure is more commonly diagnosed in the elderly population. There are ways to help manage heart failure like lifestyle modifications and use of pharmacology, and assessment for surgical intervention. Treatment of heart failure requires intensive medical, dietary, behavioral, and lifestyle modification to achieve improved quality of life, fewer hospitalizations, and decreased mortality (Singh, H., McGregor, Nigro, Higginson, and Larsen, 2014). Synthesis Treatment Modalities Certain patient behaviors such as exercise have significantly positive effects on symptoms and help the heart pump more efficiently. As health care providers, we need to educate patients to avoid sedentary lifestyle and engage in a physical fitness program. Teaching patients about low sodium intake and nutrition is vital. Healthcare professionals need to provide patients with the necessary knowledge and tools to participate in management decisions about their illness to foster empowerment to comply with their prescribed treatment plan and adherence to self-management behavior. Pharmacological treatments with diuretics, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, angiotensin receptorShow MoreRelatedA Study to Assess the Knowledge Level of the Patient Student Nurse Regarding Post Operative Care to Improve Knowledge Practice in Hamidiya Hospital Year - 20108080 Words   |  33 Pages [pic] †¢ VARSHA KATIYAR †¢ NEHA BHRAMIT †¢ GAYATRI YADAV †¢ SHARDA KAKODIYA †¢ SANDHYA UIKEY (B.Sc. 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Historical Essay The Bubonic Plague Example For Students

Historical Essay The Bubonic Plague Rana Kundu Introduction Plague, was a term that was applied in the Middle Ages to all fatal epidemic diseases, but now it is only applied to an acute, infectious, contagious disease of rodents and humans, caused by a short, thin, gram-negative bacillus. In humans, plague occurs in three forms: bubonic plague, pneumonic plague, and septicemic plague. The best known form is the bubonic plague and it is named after buboes, or enlarged, inflamed lymph nodes, which are characteristics of the plague in the groin or neck or armpit. Bubonic plague can only be transmitted by the bite of any of numerous insects that are normally parasitic on rodents and that seek new hosts when the original host dies. If the plague is left untreated it is fatal in thirty to seventy five percent of all cases. Mortality in treated cases is only five to ten percent. History Of The Bubonic Plague The origin of the bubonic plague is unknown but it may have started in Africa or India. Colonies of infected rats were established in Northern India, many years ago. Some of these rodents had infected traders on the route between the Middle East and China. After 1330 the plague had invaded China. From China it was transferred westward by traders and Mongol armies in the 14th century. While these traders were travelling westward they followed a more northerly route through the grasslands of what is now Russia, thus establishing a vast infected rodent population there. In 1346 the disease reached Crimea and found its way to Europe in 1347. The outbreak in Europe was a devastating one, which resulted in more than 25 million deaths-about twenty five percent of the continents whole population. After that the plague reappeared irregularly in many European cities until the early 18th century, when it suddenly stopped there. No explanation has ever been given for the plagues rapid disappearance. Symptoms and Causes The first symptoms of the bubonic plague are headache, vomiting, nausea, aching joints and a feeling of ill health. The lymph nodes of the groin or of the armpit or neck suddenly start to become swollen and painful. The pulse and respiration rate of a bubonic plague victim is increased, and the victim will become listless and exhausted. The buboes will swell until they are approximately the size of a chicken egg. If a case is nonfatal than the temperature will begin to fall in about five days, and approaches normal in about two weeks, but in fatal cases death will probably occur within four days. Yersinia Pestis, an infectious agent is the cause of the Bubonic Plague. Yersina Pestis is a bacteria, which means the cells lack the internal organization of eukaryotic cells. These bacteria cells would contain the membrane but they would not be able to subdivide the inside of the cell. These bacteria cells do not have a nucleus so instead they have a nucleiod that contains genetic material. The two types of bacteria cells are gram-negative and gram-positive. Yersina Pestis is gra m negative and that means that antibiotics are less effective on the plague because of a lipopolysaccharide layer over their walls that adds extra protection. Lymphatic System The bubonic plague has a major impact on the lymphatic system. The lymphatic system is made up of lymph nodes, lymphatic vessels, lymphoid organs and circulating lymphocytes. Plague victims tend to have large bumps on their bodies which are called buboes. These are actually swollen lymph nodes filled with puss. The spread of the infection causes the lymph nodes to become hard and painful. The lymph nodes are heavily concentrated in the neck, armpits, and groin. When a person becomes ill these areas will begin to swell because the body needs to make a vast amount of white blood cells to fight off whatever pathogen has entered the body. To make all parts of the body function properly the electron transport chain is needed. Yersina pestis releases a toxin into the body that obstructs this function from occurring. Prevention and Treatment Many preventive measures can be used to reduce the spread of the plague (sanitation, killing of rats, prevention in transport of rats). Individuals who contract the disease are isolated, fed fluids and put to bed. During World War II, scientists using sulfa drugs were able to produce cures of plague. Since it is a bacteria, the bubonic plague can be treated with antibiotics. Tetracyline, Streptomycin, and Chloramphenicol are three of the antibiotics used to prevent plague. Sometimes, they are even mixed together to form an antibiotic cocktail. The plague can almost always be cured when it is recognized fast enough. Since the late 19th century bubonic plague vaccinations have been in use. There is a vaccine that can be taken in a six to month installment period, but there is a element of risk to this vaccination. This vaccination has been proven to be ineffective with people younger than eighteen and older than sixty. The side effects of this vaccination can sometimes result in death and therefore it is not a good idea to use it. Transmission During the Middle Ages, people did not have a clue as to why the plague was spreading so quickly. But now we know that the bubonic plague is spread by fleas. Yersina Pestis(bacteria) moves its way up to the upper digestive tract of the flea where it breeds and multiplies. The flea must find a new host and when it does the flea drinks its blood and regurgitates the bacteria into the host. This also infects the host. Therefore, the plague can be spread by any rodent or animal who could get fleas. As soon as the bacteria is regurgitated into the new host, it begins to multiply in lymphatic system and the blood stream. The bacteria attacks the whole body at once by travelling to the spleen, liver, brain, lungs and kidneys. IMPACT OF BUBONIC PLAGUE ON ENGLAND The bubonic plague struck England in 1665. Since, the occurrence of the plague was so unexpected only 14th century preventive measures could be t aken. The homeless people were the first to feel the great effects of the plague. They did not have any money and so when the plague struck them they were basically in a hopeless situation. Even the top physicians were affected by the bubonic plague. Many doctors had to take care of the plague victims and because the plague was contagious, the doctors also caught it. The disease spread rapidly amongst family. To try to prevent the outbreak of the plague the people began to burn fires in the streets to keep the air clean. Fires were also struck in sickrooms to destroy the clothing of deceased victims. They were also killing cats and dogs, because they were believed to be the cause of infection. Affect On Doctors Most doctors, during the outbreak of the plague were afraid to visit the patients because they did not want to risk the chance of themselves becoming infected by the disease. Many doctors fled the medical houses, while others were accused of killing their patients for money, or charging outrageous fees. The doctors believed that these accusations were based on resentment. The doctors also thought it was the rats tail which were the cause of the plague but they still did not have solid preventive measures. The doctors even suggested that standing over the latrine with an empty stomach and smelling it for hours was a good remedy to cure the plague. .u88f8db3844ddea2d213a5d94b86e4523 , .u88f8db3844ddea2d213a5d94b86e4523 .postImageUrl , .u88f8db3844ddea2d213a5d94b86e4523 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u88f8db3844ddea2d213a5d94b86e4523 , .u88f8db3844ddea2d213a5d94b86e4523:hover , .u88f8db3844ddea2d213a5d94b86e4523:visited , .u88f8db3844ddea2d213a5d94b86e4523:active { border:0!important; } .u88f8db3844ddea2d213a5d94b86e4523 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u88f8db3844ddea2d213a5d94b86e4523 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u88f8db3844ddea2d213a5d94b86e4523:active , .u88f8db3844ddea2d213a5d94b86e4523:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u88f8db3844ddea2d213a5d94b86e4523 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u88f8db3844ddea2d213a5d94b86e4523 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u88f8db3844ddea2d213a5d94b86e4523 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u88f8db3844ddea2d213a5d94b86e4523 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u88f8db3844ddea2d213a5d94b86e4523:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u88f8db3844ddea2d213a5d94b86e4523 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u88f8db3844ddea2d213a5d94b86e4523 .u88f8db3844ddea2d213a5d94b86e4523-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u88f8db3844ddea2d213a5d94b86e4523:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Shakespeare wrote Henry V in 1599, at the time of Queen Elizabeth"s reign Essay

Unemployment Essays - Labour Economics, Social Justice, Unemployment

Unemployment Unemployment Is Not One Long Holiday Unemployment is not a long holiday as many people struggle with tax, rent, welfare and food. Much of the New Zealand population thinks that Unemployment is a long holiday. As one hundred thirty nine thousand people were unemployed in 1998.They get one hundred and fifty dollars each week and that money is from our wages and salary's. It is a pretty cruisey life, no hard work just a whole week of fun and leisure. Most people see it as taking advantage of the welfare system. But some families depend on the benefit. As they can not find jobs, as younger qualified students have already taken the jobs. A Solo mother for example has to look after her children pay tax, school fees, rent, and she has to pay for food. On top of that people in the community look down on her, leading to low self-esteem and sometimes mental breakdowns. There is no easy solution however for solo mothers and solo fathers the benefit could be increased according to how old there child is meaning that older the child the more money they get until a certain age. But that would not solve all unemployment but would help the people who need the benefit in those cases. As you can see unemployment is not a long holiday and for some never ending. Bibliography me Creative Writing

Applying the Multimedia, Contiguity, and Modality Principles Essays

Applying the Multimedia, Contiguity, and Modality Principles Essays Applying the Multimedia, Contiguity, and Modality Principles Paper Applying the Multimedia, Contiguity, and Modality Principles Paper Applying the Multimedia, Contiguity, and Modality Principles Name: Course: Date: Applying the Multimedia, Contiguity, and Modality Principles Extraneous processing refers to the difficulty in grasping an aspect of learning due to the style in which the information is offered that affects the effectiveness of the learning and memory process (Mayer, 2009). a large amount of verification have documented that when material is taught in a mixed fashion having both auditory and visual aspects, it becomes more helpful than when delivered using one mode. A common example of the modality principle is the visual presentation of a diagram accompanied by commentaries as an effective case. The presentation of the diagram alongside the text creates a split-attention effect. Extraneous processing overload occurs when the tutorial possesses attention getting extraneous aspects or when the class is delivered in a puzzling manner. Extraneous processing is cognitive in nature and is brought about by the teaching material that lacks proper instructional objectives and does not entail any learning process. The major effects of excessive extran eous processing include fundamental attribution errors. A just-in-time (JIT) model contributes toward a decrease in extraneous cognitive loads as the temporal split attention is averted. Limiting the temporal split of attention in teaching by JIT information presentation will also decrease the extraneous cognitive load. Similar to incorporating graphics and words, information separated is then integrated resulting in a lesser extraneous burden because the students need not to â€Å"search-and-match† and intellectually put together the information given. Mayer performed several experiments that illustrated the temporal split attention effect (Mayer, 2009). JIT learning solutions have the objective of solving issues within education when they happen. When JIT is applied, it lets loose the cognitive ability for grasping the unique aspects of a multifaceted cognitive skill and therefore, improves the transfer process. Strategies to Reduce Extraneous Processing The removal of coherence aids is an efficient method of reducing and even eliminating extraneous processing. The instructor can remove any extraneous images, words or sounds that may distract or confuse the learner. Although the instructor may want to make the lesson interesting by using background music or other elements, students need all these extraneous material removed as it fills their retention and working memory with irrelevant items. A typical example would be to remove screeching sounds from a class on vehicle braking (Mayer, 2009). Signaling principles dictate that people learn easily when what is important is highlighted. The instructor can also include signals that stress the important parts of the lesson. This can be done by highlighting significant images or sounds and leaving the others intact. The instructor can also insert cues that direct the learner toward crucial material (Plass et al, 2010). Lastly, the redundancy issue within extraneous processing can also be solved by removing any redundant items within the lesson. Redundancy has the same effect as inconsistency in that it gives the learner more material to process in their brains. These three strategies will ensure that extraneous processing is lowered (Koning et al, 2010). There are certain areas that have presented instances of extraneous processing within this course. Most of the examples and illustrations that I have encountered in websites on this topic have a lot of redundant material. They all contained a specific set of information that was repeated in diagrams and side notes. Analyzing the content of one website was tiring and effective. The textbooks also issued several illustrations that were not necessary for my study.

Plan Your Entire Marketing Strategy With Marketing Projects [Live Demo] - CoSchedule Blog

Plan Your Entire Marketing Strategy With Marketing Projects [Live Demo] Blog Managing multiple marketing campaigns all at once, especially with a dozen moving pieces is tough. Juggling tasks, looming headlines, making sure your team is staying on task, and when you repeat this seemingly never-ending cycle repeatedly it can get kind of tiring. With Marketing Projects, you can help fight this frustration by organizing your marketing campaign all  in one place. Watch This:  Plan Your Entire #MarketingStrategy with Marketing Projects In Get your entire marketing campaign organized in one place, so you can move projects forward (not tirelessly track them down)! Consolidate everything into a single marketing project, so you can focus on executing on those pieces, NOT continuously tracking them down. Maximize your team’s resources from one centralized location. Ramp up on projects faster with all your moving pieces in one project, accurately gauge timelines, and know who’s working on what –– at any given moment. Proactively plan your ENTIRE roadmap. Get a visual timeline of every project on the calendar, so you can effectively plan out days, weeks, and months in advance (without overbooking your team). Monitor your team’s progress + make adjustments faster. Quickly view your teams overall progress and make adjustments faster, so you never miss a deadline. Plan Your Entire Marketing Strategy With Marketing Projects [Live Demo] Blog Managing multiple marketing campaigns all at once, especially with a dozen moving pieces is tough. Juggling tasks, looming headlines, making sure your team is staying on task, and when you repeat this seemingly never-ending cycle repeatedly it can get kind of tiring. With Marketing Projects, you can help fight this frustration by organizing your marketing campaign all  in one place. Watch This:  Plan Your Entire #MarketingStrategy with Marketing Projects In Get your entire marketing campaign organized in one place, so you can move projects forward (not tirelessly track them down)! Consolidate everything into a single marketing project, so you can focus on executing on those pieces, NOT continuously tracking them down. Maximize your team’s resources from one centralized location. Ramp up on projects faster with all your moving pieces in one project, accurately gauge timelines, and know who’s working on what –– at any given moment. Proactively plan your ENTIRE roadmap. Get a visual timeline of every project on the calendar, so you can effectively plan out days, weeks, and months in advance (without overbooking your team). Monitor your team’s progress + make adjustments faster. Quickly view your teams overall progress and make adjustments faster, so you never miss a deadline.

Drugs among youth Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Drugs among youth - Essay Example This research will explore the factors responsible for driving young people into the habit of drug consumption and their perceptions about drugs’ effects on their life and their association with drugs. Identification of these factors is the first and the foremost step in the process of eradication of drugs from the society and discouraging the young people from consuming drugs. Research Questions Some of the research questions would be: When did you start taking drugs? Please tell me about your family structure and your relationship with family members? Does someone in your family take these drugs? What environmental factors encourage you to take drugs? What is the most common factor that drives young people into the habit of taking drugs? Do you contemplate leaving drugs in the future? If so, how soon? Do you think drugs are dangerous for your health? Has your attitude toward drugs changed since you have started consuming them? Have you faced any resistance from somewhere for drug consumption? Parties Involved in the Research Project This research project would be executed with team effort. The team would comprise me, my advisor, one of my peers to facilitate me with the data collection, and another peer with good writing and editing skills. I would do the literature review, design research methodology, and analyze the data. The fundamental aim of the research is to identify the most important and common factors that are responsible for the rise of drug consumption among the young people. Knowledge created by this research would be very useful to the drug-control agencies, the society in general, and the parents and relatives of the vulnerable youth in particular. Research Theory The consumption of drugs among youth can be prevented on the basis of a technique structured around the cognitive dissonance theory that tends to establish attitudes and beliefs by proposing verbal inoculations. This prevention technique can be used to help youth abstain from d rug consumption that might be in conflict with a goal that is more desirable. Adolescence in the concept of development is a period in which people may be confused about their roles while their identities are emerging. The prevention efforts based on this approach assist young people with the development of positive identities through achievement in their community roles, as athletes or as students. Possible Research Methods The research methods that can be utilized for this research primarily include survey and interviews. Since the reasons for drug consumption vary from one person to another, it is better to provide the research respondents with full opportunity to express themselves with the use of interviews and use them as primary sources (Booth, Colomb and Williams 81). Besides, since this topic is integrally related to sociology, use of interviews is also recommendable for this research because qualitative research remains very effective convenient and useful while studying s ociological issues. Research Participants The respondents will be high school students on drugs of any kind. The students would be given a questionnaire to find out their gender, age, how many of them use drugs, what kinds of drugs they take, and how long have they been taking them. Questionnaires with responses showing drug users would be sorted out and the respondents would be approached for

Strategic Situation Analysis of ARM Holdings Coursework

Strategic Situation Analysis of ARM Holdings - Coursework Example Instead of their own cost associated manufacturing of semiconductor business, they licence their own designed technology to other semiconductor manufacturers across the world and they utilise the designs to make innovative low energy chips for modern hi-tech electronic devices (ARM Ltd, 2012). This business report contains an in-depth analysis of some important areas like the current strategic situation of ARM Holdings which includes analysis of the industry or sector which has the key findings of current scenario, opportunities, challenges, future growth etc. Analysis of the organization’s current business strategies like SWOT analysis, value chain analysis, market positioning, product differentiation etc; critical appraisal of these strategies which results the key findings of the important business characteristics like sustainability, competitive advantages and extent of outcome of these strategies with respect current industry scenario will also be discussed in this report. Industry or Business Environment Analysis Companies in the microprocessor industry make hi-tech chips which are the core or heart of many digital electronic products which include but are not limited to computers, mobile phones, calculators, digital cameras, video game consolers and PDAs. First microprocessor which was invented for commercial use was Intel 4004 (Roony, 2012). Some of the top blue chip companies can be found in this industry and they have been continuously producing innovative chips which have brought remarkable results in today’s advanced digital electronics world. ... Effective implementation of extended business model ARM can is innovating additional types of advanced technology, generating strong royalties to the brand from a single multipurpose hi-tech microprocessor. The company’s financial policies and objectives can balance the essential need for continuous investment inflow to generate long term sustainable growth for the company. The value to per consumer is increasing day by day with the spread of digital embedded of devices across the world.

Focusing, Positioning and calculating the size of cells Essay Example for Free

Focusing, Positioning and calculating the size of cells Essay Exercise 1: Focusing, Positioning and calculating the size of cells Under the ‘Try This’ tab, complete the puzzles (P1- P6) presented to bring the items into focus. Use the check lists to make sure you have completed all steps Under the ‘Try This’ tab, complete the measurement puzzles (M1-M3) and write the answers here: M1 = __150___ micrometers at __10x__Objective Power (scale is 1 unit = __10_micrometers) M2 = __8.0____ micrometers at _100x_____Objective Power (scale is 1 unit = _1. 0__micrometers) M3 = ___2.0__ micrometers at __100x____Objective Power (scale is 1 unit = _1.0__micrometers) Exercise 2: Viewing a typed letter ‘e’ with your scope. Obtain the slide with an ‘e’ on it from the slide selections. Place the ‘e’ slide right side up on the stage with the letter ‘e’ over the hole in the stage. Using the techniques described in the ‘getting started tour’, focus on the letter on the lowest objective power. What do you notice about the orientation of the letter as you look through the microscope? In other words, how does the ‘e’ position compare to how it looks on the slide when looking at the microscope? Upside down At the lowest power, what is the total magnification of the image? 16x Adjust the position of the slide so that a portion of the letter is in the center of the viewing field. Now, rotate the next higher objective in place. If the image is not clear, use only the fine tuning knob to adjust. At 10x, what is the total magnification of the image now? 40x At 40x, what is the total magnification of the image now?160x At 100x, what is the total magnifi cation of the image now?400x Exercise 3: Human cheek cells. Your cheeks are lined with very thin cells that can easily be removed for viewing under a microscope. These cells are called epithelial cells and they line the outside and inside of your body. Cells are small, but large enough to be viewed with a light microscope. The following procedure shows how you would obtain these cells. However, since this is a virtual lab, the cheek cells have already been collected and stained. They are stained with methylene blue to view some sub-cellular parts. This is the actual procedure, but please proceed to placing the cheek smear slide on your ‘virtual’ microscope and bringing into focus. 1. Gently scrape the inside of your cheek with a toothpick. 2. Using a circular pattern, spread some saliva in the middle of a slide. 3. Place a small drop of stain on the saliva smear. The less stain you use, the better the results will be! 4. Place a cover slip on the stained smear. Knowing the objective scale in Exercise 2, estimate and record the diameter of a single cheek cell in micrometers. Diameter = ___4__________ micrometers What power of objective lens did you use? 100 What was the total magnification?400

Growing up in The Outsiders and That Was Then by S. E. Hinton and Lord of the Flies by Golding :: essays research papers

Growing up is a current issue nowadays with children and teenagers seeming to enter the adult world at an earlier age thus having to take on the responsibilities of adults. When does a child become an adult? For many the right answer is that it has nothing to do with age, it is determined by the behavior. In this essay I will not go into the issue of when a child turns into an adult but rather think about how the issue is treated in ?The Outsiders?, and ?That Was Then, This Is Now? by S.E Hinton, and ?Lord of the Flies? by William Golding. From the point of view of growing up, the first two novels are quite similar. In ?The Outsiders? growing up is an issue throughout the novel and it is largely focused on the stages of teenage years to surviving adulthood. While in the novel ?That Was Then, This Is Now? the boys encounter what they are capable of and what they can do to change their future. As I read ?The Outsiders? the behavior of the boys have are not shown in a regular teen aged boy. For example the group of boys enjoy fighting and causing violence because that is how they were raised. The author let the readers have an idea of what it is like to have no discipline and authority. Hinton came up with ideas that nearly got the readers to grasp what was going on in her novel, she showed the readers that a life without authority only results with bad behavior. Ponyboy a character from ?The Outsiders? and his older brothers including the rest of the boys all did what they wanted. Because the boys grew up without any parents or idols they didn?t feel that they needed to listen or follow any rules. In the result of their behavior and choices they have to deal with bad consequences that they have to grow up with. In the novel ?That Was Then, This Is Now? I noticed that the characters almost have the same traits of the teens in the book ?The Outsiders? because the two main character Mark, and Bryon grew up without any parents. These boys also enjoyed fighting and partying all the time because they never had

Bloodlines Chapter Ten

MY PHONE RANG JUST THEN, saving me from the awkwardness of figuring out what to do about Jill. I answered without bothering to check the caller ID. â€Å"Miss Melbourne? Your services are needed immediately.† â€Å"Ma'am?† I asked in surprise. Ms. Terwilliger's frantic voice was not what I'd been expecting. â€Å"What's wrong?† â€Å"I need you to get me a caramel sauce cappuccino from Spencer's. There is absolutely no way I can finish translating this document if you don't.† There were a million responses I could make to that, none of which were very polite, so I went with the obvious point of logic. â€Å"I don't think I can,† I said. â€Å"You have off-campus privileges, don't you?† â€Å"Well, yes, ma'am, but it's almost campus curfew. I don't know where Spencer's is, but I don't think I can make it back in time.† â€Å"Nonsense. Who's running your dorm? That Weathers woman? I'll call down and get you an exception. I'm working in one of the library offices. Meet me there.† Despite my personal devotion to coffee, getting an â€Å"exception† to the school's curfew seemed kind of excessive for an errand like this. I didn't like to bend the rules. On the other hand, I was Ms. Terwilliger's assistant. Wasn't this part of my job description? All the old Alchemist instincts to follow orders kicked in. â€Å"Well, yes, ma'am, I suppose I – â€Å" She disconnected, and I stared at the phone in astonishment. â€Å"I have to go,† I told Jill. â€Å"Hopefully I'll be back soon. Maybe very soon since I'll be surprised if she remembers to call Mrs. Weathers.† She didn't look up. With a shrug, I packed my laptop and some homework, just in case Ms. Terwilliger thought of something else for me to do. With coffee on the line, my teacher's memory was good, and I found I did indeed have clearance to leave when I went downstairs. Mrs. Weathers even gave me directions to Spencer's, a coffee shop that was a few miles away. I got the cappuccino, wondering if I'd be reimbursed, and picked up something for myself as well. The library staff at Amberwood gave me a hard time about carrying in beverages when I returned, but when I explained my errand, they waved me on through to the back offices. Apparently, Ms. Terwilliger's addiction was well known. The library was surprisingly busy, and I quickly deduced why. After a certain point each night, guys and girls were banned from each other's dorms. The library was open later, so this was the place to go to hang out with the opposite sex. Lots of people were just there to study too, including Julia and Kristin. â€Å"Sydney! Over here!† called Kristin in a stage whisper. â€Å"Break free of Terwilliger,† added Julia. â€Å"You can do it.† I held up the coffee as I passed them. â€Å"Are you kidding? If she doesn't get her caffeine soon, there'll be no escaping her. I'll come back if I can.† As I continued walking through, I saw a small cluster of students gathered around someone – and heard a familiar and annoying voice. Greg Slade's. Curious in spite of myself, I walked over to the edge of the crowd. Slade was showing off something on his upper arm: a tattoo. The design itself was nothing special. It was an eagle in flight, the kind of generic art all tattoo shops had in stock and copied en masse. What caught my attention was the color. It was all done in a rich, metallic silver. Metallics like that weren't easy to pull off, not with that sheen and intensity. I knew the chemicals that went into my own gold tattoo, and the formula was complex and composed of several rare ingredients. Slade made a halfhearted effort to keep his voice low – tattoos were forbidden around here, after all – but it was clear he was enjoying the attention. I observed quietly, glad others were asking some of my questions for me. Of course, those questions only left me with more questions. â€Å"That's brighter than the ones they used to do,† one of his friends noted. Slade tilted his arm so the light caught it. â€Å"Something new. They say these are better than the ones from last year. Not sure if that's true, but it wasn't cheap, I can tell you that.† The friend who'd spoken grinned. â€Å"You'll find out at tryouts.† Laurel – the red-haired girl who'd been interested in Micah – stretched out her leg beside Slade, revealing a slim ankle adorned with a faded butterfly tattoo. No metallics there. â€Å"I might get mine touched up, maybe for homecoming if I can get the money from my parents. Do you know if the celestial ones are better this year too?† She tossed back her hair as she spoke. From what I'd observed in my brief time at Amberwood, Laurel was very vain about her hair and made sure to throw it around at least every ten minutes. Slade shrugged. â€Å"Didn't ask.† Laurel noticed me watching. â€Å"Oh, hey. Aren't you vampire girl's sister?† My heart stopped. â€Å"Vampire?† â€Å"Vampire?† echoed Slade. How did she find out? What am I going to do? I had just begun making a list of the Alchemists I had to call when one of Laurel's friends snickered. Laurel looked at them and laughed haughtily, then turned back to me. â€Å"That's what we've decided to call her. No one human could possibly have skin that pale.† I nearly sagged in relief. It was a joke – one that hit painfully close to the truth, but a joke nonetheless. Still, Laurel didn't seem like someone to cross, and it'd be better for all of us if it was a joke soon forgotten. I admittedly blurted out the first distracting comment that came to mind. â€Å"Hey, stranger things have happened. When I first saw you, I didn't think anyone could have hair that long or that red. But you don't hear me talking about extensions or dye.† Slade nearly doubled over with laugher. â€Å"I knew it! I knew it was fake!† Laurel flushed nearly as red as her hair. â€Å"It is not! It's real!† â€Å"Miss Melbourne?† I jumped at the voice behind me and found Ms. Terwilliger there, watching me with bemusement. â€Å"You aren't getting credit for chatting, especially when my coffee's on the line. Come on.† I skulked away, though hardly anyone noticed. Laurel's friends were having too much fun teasing her. I hoped I had diffused the vampire jokes. Meanwhile, I couldn't get the image of Greg's tattoo out of my mind. I let my thoughts wander to the mystery of what components would be needed for that silver color. I almost had it figured out – at least, I had one possibility figured out – and wished I had access to Alchemist ingredients to do some experiments. Ms. Terwilliger took the coffee gratefully when we reached a small workroom. â€Å"Thank God,† she said, after taking a long sip. She nodded at mine. â€Å"Is that a backup one? Excellent thinking.† â€Å"No, ma'am,† I said. â€Å"It's mine. Do you want me to start in on those?† A familiar stack of books sat on the table, ones I'd seen in her classroom. They were core parts of her research, and she'd told me I'd eventually need to outline and document them for her. I reached for the top one, but she stopped me. â€Å"No,† she said, moving toward a large briefcase. She rifled through papers and assorted office supplies, finally digging out an old leather book. â€Å"Do this one instead.† I took the book. â€Å"Can I work out there?† I was hoping if I went back to the main study area, I could talk to Kristin and Julia. Ms. Terwilliger considered. â€Å"The library won't let you have the coffee. You should probably leave it in here.† I waffled, debating whether my desire to talk to Kristin and Julia outweighed the likelihood that Ms. Terwilliger would drink my coffee before I got back. I decided to take the risk and bid my coffee a painful farewell as I hauled my books and gear back out to the library. Julia eyed Ms. Terwilliger's beat-up book with disdain. â€Å"Isn't that just on the internet somewhere?† â€Å"Probably not. I'm guessing no one's even looked at this since before the internet was invented.† I opened the cover. Dust fluttered out. â€Å"Way before.† Kristin had math homework open in front of her but didn't look particularly interested in it. She tapped a pen absentmindedly against the textbook's cover. â€Å"So you saw Slade's tattoo?† â€Å"Hard not to,† I said, getting out my laptop. I glanced across the screen. â€Å"He's still showing it off.† â€Å"He's wanted one for a while but never had the money,† explained Julia. â€Å"Last year, all the big athletes had them. Well, except for Trey Juarez.† â€Å"Trey almost doesn't need one,† pointed out Kristin. â€Å"He's that good.† â€Å"He will now – if he wants to keep up with Slade,† said Julia. Kristin shook her head. â€Å"He still won't do it. He's against them. He tried reporting them to Mr. Green last year, but no one believed him.† I looked back and forth between them, more lost than ever. â€Å"Are we still talking about tattoos? About Trey ‘needing' one or not?† â€Å"You really haven't found out yet?† asked Julia. â€Å"It's my second day,† I pointed out with frustration. Remembering I was in a library, I spoke more softly. â€Å"The only people who have really talked about them are Trey and you guys – and you haven't said much of anything.† They had the grace to look embarrassed by that, at least. Kristin opened her mouth, paused, and then seemed to change what she was going to say. â€Å"You're sure yours doesn't do anything?† â€Å"Positive,† I lied. â€Å"How is that even possible?† Julia cast a glance around the library and twisted in her chair. She rolled her shirt up a little, exposing her lower back – and a faded tattoo of a swallow in flight. Satisfied that I'd seen it, she turned back around. â€Å"I got this last spring break – and it was the best spring break ever.† â€Å"Because of the tattoo?† I asked skeptically. â€Å"When I got it, it didn't look like this. It was metallic†¦ not like yours. Or Slade's. More like†¦Ã¢â‚¬  â€Å"Copper,† provided Kristin. Julia thought about it and nodded. â€Å"Yeah, like reddish-goldish. The color only lasted a week, and while it did, it was amazing. Like, I have never felt that good. It was inhumanly good. The best high ever.† â€Å"I swear, there's some kind of drug in those celestials,† said Kristin. She was trying to sound disapproving, but I thought I detected a note of envy. â€Å"If you had one, you'd understand,† Julia told her. â€Å"Celestials†¦ I heard that girl over there talk about them,† I said. â€Å"Laurel?† asked Julia. â€Å"Yeah, that's what they call the copper ones. Because they make you feel out of this world.† She looked almost embarrassed about her enthusiasm. â€Å"Stupid name, huh?† â€Å"Is that what Slade's does?† I asked, stunned at what was unfolding before me. â€Å"No, he's got a steel one,† said Kristin. â€Å"Those give you a big athletic boost. Like, you're stronger, faster. Stuff like that. They last longer than the celestials – more like two weeks. Sometimes three, but the effect fades. They call them steel because they're tough, I guess. And maybe because there's steel in them.† Not steel, I thought. A silver compound. The art of using metal to bind certain properties in skin was one the Alchemists had perfected a long time ago. Gold was the absolute best, which was why we used it. Other metals – when formulated in the proper ways – achieved similar effects, but neither silver nor copper would bind the way gold could. The copper tattoo was easy to understand. Any number of feel-good substances or drugs could be combined with that for a short-term effect. The silver one was more difficult for me to understand – or rather, the effects of the silver one. What they were describing sounded like some kind of athletic steroid. Would silver hold that? I'd have to check. â€Å"How many people have these?† I asked them, awestruck. I couldn't believe that such complicated tattoos were so popular here. It was also beginning to sink in just how wealthy the student body here really was. The materials alone would cost a fortune, let alone any of the alleged side effects. â€Å"Everyone,† said Julia. Kristin scowled. â€Å"Not everyone. I've almost got enough saved up, though.† â€Å"I'd say half the school's at least tried a celestial,† said Julia, flashing her friend a comforting look. â€Å"You can get them touched up again later – but it still costs money.† â€Å"Half the school?† I repeated incredulously. I looked around, wondering how many shirts and pants concealed tattoos. â€Å"This is crazy. I can't believe a tattoo can do any of that.† I hoped I was doing an okay job of hiding how much I really knew. â€Å"Get a celestial,† said Julia with a grin. â€Å"Then you'll believe.† â€Å"Where do you get them?† â€Å"It's a place called Nevermore,† said Kristin. â€Å"They're selective, though, and don't give them out easily.† Not that selective, I thought, if half the school had them. â€Å"They got a lot more cautious after Trey tried to turn them in.† There was Trey's name again. It now made sense that he'd been so disdainful of my tattoo when we met. But I wondered why he cared so much – enough to try to get them shut down. That wasn't just a casual disagreement. â€Å"I guess he thinks it's unfair?† I offered diplomatically. â€Å"I think he's just jealous that he can't afford one,† said Julia. â€Å"He's got a tattoo, you know. It's a sun on his back. But it's just a regular black one – not gold like yours. I've never seen anything like yours.† â€Å"So that's why you thought mine made me smart,† I said. â€Å"That could've been really useful during finals,† said Julia wistfully. â€Å"You're sure that's not why you know so much?† I smiled, despite how appalled I was by what I'd just learned. â€Å"I wish. It might make getting through this book easier. Which,† I added, glancing at the clock. â€Å"I should get to.† It was on Greco-Roman priests and magicians, a kind of grimoire detailing the kinds of spells and rituals they'd worked with. It wasn't terrible reading material, but it was long. I'd thought Ms. Terwilliger's research was more focused on mainstream religions in that era, so the book seemed like a weird choice. Maybe she was hoping to include a section on alternative magical practices. Regardless, who was I to question? If she asked, I'd do it. I outlasted both Kristin and Julia in the library, since I had to stay as long as Ms. Terwilliger stayed, which was until the library closed. She seemed pleased that I'd gotten so far with the notes and told me she'd like the whole book completed in three days. â€Å"Yes, ma'am,† I said automatically, as if I didn't have any other classes at this school. Why did I always agree without thinking? I returned to East Campus, bleary-eyed from all the work I'd done and exhausted over the thought of the homework remaining. Jill was fast asleep, which I took as a small blessing. I wouldn't have to face her accusing stare or figure out how to handle the awkward silence. I got ready for bed quickly and quietly and fell asleep almost as soon as I hit the pillow. I woke at around three to the sound of crying. Shaking off my sleepy haze, I was able to make out Jill sitting up in her bed, her face buried in her hands. Great, shaking sobs racked her body. â€Å"Jill?† I asked uncertainly. â€Å"What's wrong?† In the faint light coming in from outside, I saw Jill raise her head and look at me. Unable to answer, she shook her head and began crying once more, this time more loudly. I got up and came to sit on the edge of her bed. I couldn't quite bring myself to hug or touch her for comfort. Nonetheless, I felt terrible. I knew this had to be my fault. â€Å"Jill, I'm so sorry. I never should have gone to see Adrian. When Lee mentioned you, I should've just stopped it there and told him to talk to you if he was interested. I should've just talked to you in the first place†¦Ã¢â‚¬  The words came out in a jumble. When I looked at her, all I could think of was Zoe and her horrible accusations on the night I'd left. Somehow, my help always backfired. Jill sniffled and managed to get out a few words before breaking down again. â€Å"It's not†¦ it's not that†¦Ã¢â‚¬  I stared helplessly at her tears, frustrated at myself. Kristin and Julia thought I was superhumanly smart. Yet I guaranteed one of them would've been able to comfort Jill a hundred times better than I could. I reached out my hand and nearly patted her arm – but pulled back at the last moment. No, I couldn't do that. That Alchemist voice in me, the voice that always warned me to keep my distance from vampires, wouldn't let me touch one in a way that was so personal. â€Å"Then what is it?† I asked at last. She shook her head. â€Å"It's not†¦ I can't tell†¦ you wouldn't understand.† With Jill, I thought, any number of things could be wrong. The uncertainty of her royal status. The threats against her. Being sent away from all her family and friends, trapped among humans in the perpetual sun. I really didn't know where to start. Last night, there had been a chilling, desperate terror in her eyes when she woke up. But this was different. This was sorrow. This was from the heart. â€Å"What can I do to help?† I asked at last. It took her a few moments to pull herself together. â€Å"You're already doing plenty,† she managed. â€Å"We all appreciate it – really. Especially after what Keith said to you.† Was there nothing Adrian hadn't told her? â€Å"And I'm sorry – I'm sorry I was so bitchy to you earlier. You didn't deserve that. You were just trying to help.† â€Å"No†¦ don't apologize. I messed up.† â€Å"You don't have to worry, you know,† she added. â€Å"About Micah. I understand. I only want to be his friend.† I was pretty sure that I still wasn't doing a great job at making her feel better. But I had to admit, apologizing to me at least seemed to be distracting her from whatever had woken her to so much pain. â€Å"I know,† I said. â€Å"I should never have worried about you.† She assured me again that she was fine, with no more explanation about why she'd woken up crying. I felt like I should have done more to help, but instead, I made my way back to my own bed. I didn't hear any more sobs for the rest of the night, but once, when I woke up a couple hours later, I stole a glance at her. Her features were just barely discernible in the early light. She lay there, eyes wide open and staring off into nothingness, a haunted look on her face.

French and Indian War Essay

The French colonies were situated in Canada and their trade and influence reached as far as the Mississippi River. The English colonies were located on the east coast of the Americas. The Appalachian Mountains separated both types of European colonies so there was elbow room for both. Flames began to ignite when war between the mother countries of England and France broke out. Tensions increased when trading and rivalry between two colonies increased. Soon war broke out and it became known as the French and Indian War. Both sides had advantages and disadvantages and there were many lasting effects. The British colonies began to lose in the beginning for many reasons. The colonies were disorganized and many jealousies and disputes arose among them. In addition the colonies’ governors quarreled with their assemblies. The colonies saw themselves, at the time, as trading economic colonies, not an empire or nation. There was no need or want for a military and military organization. The British colonies were unfit to carry out an offensive war. Victory was meek for the colonies but courageous, fearless and heroic generals like Pitt, Amherst, and Wolf helped turn the tide for the British. In addition they began to attack cities instead of forts. The British colonies soon won the war with the Treaty of Paris. The French were incredible and favored victors at the beginning of the war in the Americas. They had a centralized military organization, skillful leaders who ruled with absolute authority, and soldiers inured to war. Of 10 major battles, France won a majority of them. Their location was good. Canada was fortified with vast outworks of defense in the forests, marshes and mountains. They had the help of the Indians who knew the land far better than any European. In Europe, the tide turned for France and soon so did too in the Americas. The Treaty of Paris ended the French and Indian War. The details of the treaty provide lasting effects. French power was completely thrown off the continent. However, the French were allowed to retain several islands in the West Indies. France gave Britain all lands east of the Mississippi River allowing the number of frontiers to increase. Spain gave Britain Florida. With all these territorial gains, it paved the road for the British colonies to expand. They soon declared independence from Britain and became America. Americans soon followed â€Å"Manifest Destiny† and America is now what we see as today.

Causes of the Peloponnesian War

Causes of the Peloponnesian War Free Online Research Papers According to Thucydides, the cause of the Peloponnesian war was the fear of the growth of the power of Athens throughout the middle of the 5th century BC. The Peloponnesian war was long awaited by Thucydides; in fact there were many reasons and events leading up to the start of military aggression. Resentment and tension between Sparta and Athens began after the Spartans chose not to continue in siege against the Persians but to return home. Nonetheless, the Athenians continued to fight and began to show that they had a strong military and could stand without the Spartans. Because of this many of the smaller city-states on the islands in the Aegean Sea and in northern Greece became Athens allies; thus, they became known as the Delian league. The Athenians were collecting taxes from the other city-states in the Delian league therefore their fleet had become by far the largest and most fearsome navy in the region in conjunction with their infantry advancement. This tax was in exchange for the protection that the Athenian fleet and army provided. One of the Athenian leaders, Pericles, used some of the tax money to rebuild the Athens walls, for defensive purposes, and to offensive military growth. This show of Athenian power frightened the Spartans, and Corinthians as well, who now saw the Athenian growth of power as a threat. Causing tension with the Spartans and Corinthians the Athenian navy came to the aid of the Corcyraeans against the Corinthians. The threatening Athenian strength became more apparent to the Spartans. This happened because Epidamnus became involved in a political struggle where the Democratic Party had taken control of the colony’s government and forced the aristocrats out of power. The aristocrats joined with a cruel, ruthless group and attacked the city and its surrounding areas seeking revenge from the democrats for their actions. Epidamnus began looking for help and sent a request to Corcyra for military involvement. Corcyra refused to help the Epidamnians in their political struggle and consequently they sought for the assistant of Corinth. Nonetheless, the Corinthians sent ships to stop the violence. The Corcyraeans saw the Corinthians interference as disrespectful so they decided to send their own ships to stop the Corinthians. Adding more fuel to the fire, the Corc yraeans made an alliance with Athens who already has their own feud with Corinth for many years. The Corinthian fleet engaged the Corcyraeans and consequently the Corinthians lost the battle. This defeat fueled the Corinthians passion against the Athenians even more. The final event that caused tension leading up to the outbreak of violence in the Peloponnesian War was when Potidaea, a member of the Delian league, rebelled against Athenian control. The city-state built barricades to resist Athenian army occupation which incited rebellion all over in the region in Chalcidice and Bottiaea. The Athenians sent troops into the region by ship, but they were also fighting the Macedonians in the same region and had difficult time suppressing that revolt. When Athens ultimately made a treaty with Perdiccas, the Macedonian leader, they were then turned-on by the Macedonians as they began fighting side-by-side with the Corinthians, who had come to the defense of the Potidaeans. Despite their recent setbacks, the Athenians were able to gain control of most of the region upon the arrival of reinforcements. Corinth called a meeting of the Peloponnesian assembly at Sparta because they saw that their own citizens were now trapped in Potidaea. Almost immediately following this meeting the Peloponnesian decision was to declare war because the complaints against the Athenian Empire were deemed irreconcilable. The Spartan and Peloponnesian demanded that the Athenians withdraw from Potidaea and that all the city-states in northern Greece be given their freedom. Despite the declaration of war, three ambassadors were sent to Athens over the course of winter in attempts to declare peace; however, neither side could come to a resolution. Nonetheless in the summer of 431 BC the Thebans, a member of the Peloponnesian League, attacked Plataea, Athens oldest ally. This drew Athens to Plataea’s defense, which in turn brought the Spartans and Corinthians to the side of their ally which marked the beginning of the Peloponnesian War. Research Papers on Causes of the Peloponnesian WarComparison: Letter from Birmingham and CritoAppeasement Policy Towards the Outbreak of World War 2Quebec and Canada19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided EraEffects of Television Violence on ChildrenCanaanite Influence on the Early Israelite ReligionAssess the importance of Nationalism 1815-1850 EuropeCapital PunishmentOpen Architechture a white paperThe Effects of Illegal Immigration

How to Conjugate Protéger (to Protect) in French

How to Conjugate Protà ©ger (to Protect) in French You will use the French verb  protà ©ger  when you want to say to protect. A verb conjugation is required if you want to use it for the past tense protected or the future tense will protect. This word has a couple tricks to it, but a lesson in its simplest conjugations will explain everything you need to know. The Basic Conjugations of  Protà ©ger Protà ©ger is both a stem-changing  and  spelling change verb. While that may seem scary at first, both issues have a purpose and are relatively easy to handle. The stem change occurs with the accented  Ãƒ ©Ã‚  in  protà ©ger. You will notice that in some forms- the present tense, in particular- the accent changes to an  Ãƒ ¨.  You will also notice that the future tense gives you the option between the stem changes.  Pay attention to this while studying so you can spell it correctly when needed.   The stem change pops up in the regular -er  conjugations where the ending begins with an  a  or  o.  For these, the  e  is retained to ensure the  g  has a soft pronunciation as it does in gel. Without the  e, the vowels would make it a hard sound as in gold. The indicative mood and the basic present, future, and imperfect past tenses are covered in this first chart. These should be your top priority to memorize because youll use them most often. All you need to do is pair the subject pronoun with the corresponding tense to learn which endings to use. For example, je protà ©ge means I am protecting and nous protà ©gions means we protected. Present Future Imperfect je protà ¨ge protà ©geraiprotà ¨gerai protà ©geais tu protà ¨ges protà ©gerasprotà ¨geras protà ©geais il protà ¨ge protà ©geraprotà ¨gera protà ©geait nous protà ©geons protà ©geronsprotà ¨gerons protà ©gions vous protà ©gez protà ©gerezprotà ¨gerez protà ©giez ils protà ¨gent protà ©gerontprotà ¨geront protà ©geaient The Present Participle of  Protà ©ger The spelling change is also required in the  present participle  of  protà ©ger because of the -ant  ending. The result is the word  protà ©geant. Protà ©ger  in the Compound Past Tense Another way to express the past tense in French is with the  passà © composà ©. This requires both the  past participle  protà ©gà ©Ã‚  and the present tense conjugate of the auxiliary verb  avoir. For example, I protected is  jai protà ©ge  and we protected is  nous avons protà ©gà ©. More Simple Conjugations of  Protà ©ger Once again, youll find some spelling and stem changes in the following conjugations. Also, the conditional- used for if...then situations- offers the option between the accented es. However, if you pay careful attention to those things, these forms of  protà ©ger  can be quite useful. The subjunctive, for instance, allows you to call the act of protecting into question. When reading or writing French, youll likely encounter  the passà © simple  or  the imperfect subjunctive  because these are literary tenses. Subjunctive Conditional Passà © Simple Imperfect Subjunctive je protà ¨ge protà ©geraisprotà ¨gerais protà ©geai protà ©geasse tu protà ¨ges protà ©geraisprotà ¨gerais protà ©geas protà ©geasses il protà ¨ge protà ©geraitprotà ¨gerait protà ©gea protà ©geà ¢t nous protà ©gions protà ©gerionsprotà ¨gerions protà ©geà ¢mes protà ©geassions vous protà ©giez protà ©geriezprotà ¨geriez protà ©geà ¢tes protà ©geassiez ils protà ¨gent protà ©geraientprotà ¨geraient protà ©gà ¨rent protà ©geassent The French imperative  may be useful for a verb like  protà ©ger. Its used for short and assertive statements, and when you use it, theres no need to include the subject pronoun.   Imperative (tu) protà ¨ge (nous) protà ©geons (vous) protà ©gez

Short Answer Questions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Short Answer Questions - Essay Example I feel like this is a reliable and valid assessment because it was an assessment carried out in a non-threatening and informal manner. Under this setting, there is a greater chance for the learner to open up and be honest about her feelings, thoughts, difficulties, and learning needs. I also believe this to be a reliable and valid assessment because it makes use of open-ended questions and these questions help the learners be less restricted by set questions and choices. They can even make their own reflection and self-assessment based on the questions posed and provide a heart-felt and thoughtful response to the questions. Q-1c. Think of another method of assessment used by you or your colleague to assess your learner relating to the same area of learning. Compare the two assessment methods and outcomes, and describe how these methods complemented and/or contradicted each other. Explain how you resolved any contradictions. Structured interviews were also used by me and my colleague in assessing the learner in the same area of learning. In comparing these two assessment methods, there is significant contrast seen. One uses open-ended questions, and structured interviews uses close-ended questions. ... carried out in a more casual setting and manner, without any expectation of their results being used as a method of assessment on the part of the learner. In the structured interviews, it is carried out in a less casual manner with the learner most likely seated on a table answering structured questions. The learner is also aware in this case that he or she is being interviewed for an assessment of his learning needs. For the most part, these two methods complemented each other. The informal interview provided a basis for the assessment of the learning needs, and the structured interview helped to fill in the blanks and gaps seen in the informal interview. Both methods of assessment provided means of confirming the learner’s patient needs. In effect, what may not have been revealed in one interview has been revealed in the other type of assessment. Assessment-2. Feedback:-Think about sessions when you gave positive and more critical feedback to your learner(s). Q-2a. Compare a nd contrast your experience of giving positive feedback to learner(s) (i) formally, in one-to-one sessions; and (ii) informally, when working together. Use examples to illustrate the advantages and disadvantages of each method. In giving positive feedback formally, the learner was wary at first because she thought that she was going to be reprimanded. However, when she received the positive feedback, she was very much pleased. She also was pleased about being singled out for the positive feedback. She was also eager to talk about the good work that she was able to do and was eager to receive more feedback on how she could improve her work further. In the informal setting, any positive feedback I gave the learner was also well received, especially when I complemented her in front of the other

Compare Two Types of Music Eras Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Compare Two Types of Music Eras - Essay Example This esssay stresses that the popular forms of music have taken over Western Culture, with the more artistic forms of music losing their niche in the world. Orchestra attendance is dropping all around the world due to this widening gap between what people listen to in the world. Also, modern composers have created some very interesting and complex music however the modern audience wants nothing to do with these complex and intricate forms of musical art. This article makes a conculusion that the advancements of music recording and the recording industry have also been great. Musical recording is able to do things with the composition and recording of music that would make past generations quake, and the vast possibilities that are possible with this new technology is amazing; even to someone like me who is not a fan of the modern music age. Despite what else the modern age has done, it’s contributions to music recording and technology have really increased the myriad of possibilities for anybody who wants to go into electronic music or the recording or music. Despite the advancements we have seen in the Modern Age, it has done nothing to compete with the huge musical development of other ages, such as the Middle Age. The rift that has developed has left the art forms of music in the dust, and I cannot advocate this by any means. Hopefully we will see a return to the artier forms of music one day.

Illustrate ways in which you find that the law satisfies, and fails to Essay

Illustrate ways in which you find that the law satisfies, and fails to satisfy, the ethical principle of justice - Essay Example In most instances, the winners of the cases administered through law may view themselves as the recipients of justice while the losers deem themselves as victims of justice denied. When people feel they have been wronged or offended, there are four types of justice that they can pursue to attain reparation. The four categories of justice are: distributive, restorative, procedural, and retributive justice. The application of law to decide cases acts as a double edge sword where the concept of justice is denied or satisfied. The cases Eldridge v. British Columbia (Attorney General) and Auton (guardian ad litem) v. British Columbia (Attorney General) provide instances where the law satisfies the concept of justice (SCC). The case Chaoulli v. Quebec (Attorney General) evokes a situation where the law appears to fail and succeed in justifying the concept of justice (SCC). Based on these cases, law can either serve to satisfy the concept of justice or fail to deliver same. Individuals may use four categories of law to seek justice. Through distributive, restorative, procedural, and retributive justice people may achieve reparation. Distributive justice bases its roots on the principle of equality and social order. It seeks equality in terms of what people receive from attention to goods and/or services. It provides an avenue for people to seek their fair share of what they believe they deserve. Restorative justice aims at putting things in the way they were before a wrong happened. Restorative justice provides a means for the offended party to seek some form of restitution from the offender. Restorative justice also is referred to as corrective justice where the emphasis is on apology and some form of restitution to correct any damage incurred by the betrayed party. Procedural justice bases its logic on fairness and the concept of fair play. This form of justice looks at showing people that a fair process is used in determining resource allocation. If people find an imbalance in the resources they receive, compared to others, while believing that a fair process was used, they can accept the results of the process. Retributive justice provides an avenue for the offended to seek some sort of revenge on the person who committed a wrong. Retributive justice seeks to see that the offender suffers in a similar way as the person who was offended. In most instances where parties seek justice, the first avenues that they pursue are through distributive and procedural justice. If both distributive and procedural justice fails to satisfy their view of justice, they likely aim at seeking same through retributive or restorative justice. The essential aspect in respect of all these types of justice is for the offended party to attain fairness and equality through the administration of law basing on them. Legislation is used to deliver justice by providing equal rights to all persons involved in a case without discrimination. Law helps to achieve equality thr ough distributive justice where social institutions are to ensure that burdens and benefits become distributed among members of society in a fair and just manner. The law helps to satisfy justice by ensuring that all social institutions distribute benefits and burdens evenly and fairly among their people without any form of discrimination. In the case Eldridge v. British Columbia (Attorney General), the Supreme Court of Canada (SCC) ruled in favor of the

Dairy Farming In India Marketing Essay

Dairy Farming In India Marketing Essay This Applied Research Project is requirement for the researchers studies in MBA in Community Economic Development Program at Cape Breton University. This ARP is the final assessment and must for the completion of this MBA Program. This Applied Research Project is mainly focused on discussing about effectiveness of co-operative model for dairy farming in Tamil Nadu, India. About Dairy Farming: Milk is defined as the lacteal secretion obtained by the complete milking of one or more mammalian animals. Dairy farming is a part of agriculture, practiced to produce milk which is generally from dairy cows, and also from sheep, camel, and goat. Dairy industry is a highly important component of food industry, which buys raw milk refrigerated for farmers to normalize by transforming and distributing it (Moran H. , 2005). Usually, the milk is processed in a dairy factory or on the dairy farm itself. From hand milking the cows to machine milking, milk production has developed immensely with latest technologies. Dairy farming has been done all over the world, but most of the countries which produce milk consume internally. New Zealand is one of leading countries which export dairy products, whereas India is the largest milk producing country in the world. Indian dairy sector contributes a major share towards the total gross revenue from livestock sector and holds an enormous potential to bring about rapid economic growth, particularly for the benefit of the weaker sections and the rural poor. Livestock production has been, and will remain for many decades, one of the most important economic and social activities of human culture in developing countries where hundreds of millions of people depend either directly or indirectly on livestock-based activities (Preston and Murugueitio 1992). Dairy Farming in India In 2010, dairy industry is the second largest food industry in India in terms of revenue behind meat industry. In 2010, the largest dairy company operating within the country in terms of annual global sales is Nestle with $ 18.6 billion revenue. Dairy farmers produce largest staple food in the world i.e. Milk. The quality and safety of milk and its derivatives are directly related to conditions of hygiene and environment. Good hygiene practices help to improve the quality and value of the product and fundamentally determine the success or failure of a dairy farm. At present, the protection of health and animal welfare are provided by a comprehensive program of udder hygiene and processes in livestock bio-security program. These programs help dairy farmers to: Optimize milk yield, quality and price of milk Improve operating profits Decrease the infection pressure on the dairy herd Maintain a high level of animal welfare The function of cooperatives in dairy farming is studied along with the impact of the cooperatives in dairy farming. Milk production is one of the most important elements of agriculture in India. During the past 5 years, farms in India increased their total production by 86%. The level of milk production in 2011 increased by 5.4 tons and was 136.4 thousand tons (104.1% compared to last year). Average yield in the region is 2,717 kg per cow, which is 272 kg more than previous year. At the same time dairy farming area in contrast to the poultry industry is the sector in which the performance is far from self-sufficient (Ruricola, 2009). Milk production per capita in the region is 200 kg per year. Dairy farming is growing and modernizing in India. Beginning in 2006, 34 major farms were built in India pursuing new and remodeled milk production of 20.4 thousand with loose housing of cattle and milking parlor. It also included newly constructed 10 dairy complexes with a capacity of 10.8 thousand cows. In addition, the modernization of livestock buildings has been replacing milking equipment (Berentsen, Kovacs, Asseldonk, 2012). As a result, compared to the year 2011 level of comprehensive mechanization of dairy farming has increased in the region from 36% to 60%. Technical and technological modernization of the industry continues. Dairy Farming at International Level and Genomics: Dairy farming at international level has also been receiving increasing attention. In June 2009, among the first countries in the world, France began publish its first official genomic index for dairy cattle. German dairy sector has decoded and located some of the tens of thousands of genes of an animal and use this information to genetic selection. Today, the genetic value can be estimated directly from a simple blood from the birth of the calf in several countries of the world. This method is very interesting for the strategy selection of each farmer in particular for functional traits and breeding qualities. Since 2009, seed bulls whose genetic value is obtained from their genotypes are available in catalogs selections have been developed in Eastern Europe. In addition, genomic selection can be much more efficient in selection on functional traits, poorly considered by the selection of offspring by providing breeders specific genetic values à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¹Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¹for males as for females. In a classic selection scheme progeny, the cost of evaluating a bull was about 40,000. Therefore, use in large numbers of seeds per bull led to a sharp increase in the risk of inbreeding level in the French and international dairy herd. Genomics can increase the diversity of available bulls. In addition, the bulls are replaced by younger much faster pace, which is also favorable to the maintenance of genetic variability. Literature Review: The Concept of Dairy Cooperatives A dairy cooperative is a business owned by milk producers and co-partners who must meet their economic, professional and training needs. A dairy cooperative is a collective enterprise where milk producers have pooled their investments to take control of their business because they are convinced that we can succeed better together than individually. A dairy cooperative is a business built on solidarity, responsibility, fairness and transparency. The cooperative and their associates reach solidarity as they form a community of people sharing the same project and the same interests. They also share the profits and risks. The cooperative has the mission to promote the best possible milk co-associates, who in turn, are financially responsible for their cooperative. All partners are co-treated with fairness, according to the same rules and with the same rights described in the constitution and bylaws of the cooperative. The Board of Directors of the cooperative is elected by the general meeting of cooperative partners and provides the associated elements for co-decide in open and transparent relationships. A dairy cooperative is a business that secures its associated producers through an indivisible collective ownership of all its members-cooperators. It does not belong to each individual in proportion to its shareholding. A cooperative dairy farm is an extension of his associates-cooperators. Its mandatory activities are related to milk his co-partners, collecting the milk, processing it into products and marketing these products. A dairy cooperative aims to maximize the value of its associated activities and therefore co-add the most value to the milk produced on their farms. Like any business, is a dairy cooperative in competitive markets with other companies. It is therefore required to be competitive. A dairy cooperative may be the size of a multinational listed among the world leaders in the sector or the size of a SME-VSE with local or regional activities. She may have a dozen or several thousand-associated cooperators. Cooperative status is neither an advantage nor a handicap t o growth and abroad. Cooperative Principles The Cooperatives throughout the world function with same core principles. They are 1) Cooperation among Cooperatives The Cooperative movement is strengthened by functioning collectively all the way through local, national, international structures to serve their members most effectively. 2) Voluntary and Open Membership Cooperatives are voluntary groups, where everyone can utilize its services and should be willing to accept membership responsibilities. 3) Autonomy and Independence Cooperatives are self -governing, autonomous organizations guarded by their members. The cooperatives autonomy is surpassed when a co-op enters into agreement with other groups or raises funds with outside resource. 4) Concern for Community The Cooperatives work for sustainable growth of communities through procedures and programs acknowledged by members. 5) Education, Training and Information Cooperatives offer education and training to its members, representatives and employees to successfully contribute the growth of particular cooperatives. Also, the members educate the nature and benefits of these cooperatives to the general public in the community. 6) Members Economic Participation All the members in the cooperative contribute evenly to democratically manage, the funds in the organization. This creates equality among the members rather than creating unevenness in the cooperative. 7) Democratic Member Control Cooperatives are independent organizations controlled by their members. They are the ones, who purchase the commodities and utilize the service from the cooperative. Also, these members vigorously contribute in creating policies and making decisions. Dairy Cooperatives International Context Dairy cooperatives collect more than half of the milk in France. Dairy cooperation model is very predominant in other countries that are major producers of milk, such as Germany, New Zealand, the Netherlands and Denmark. In the international context, it represents a specific framework in terms of rights, obligations and governance. A dairy cooperative has made a contract of joint obligations associated with each cooperator. The partner-cooperator agrees to give its milk to the cooperative for a fixed term and renewable. Cooperative undertakes, in return, to collect all the milk which is provided to enhance the milk and the associated pay-cooperator. Only the partner-cooperator has the option to terminate the contract in each case. The cooperative does not have that option, unless serious reasons justifying exclusion. A dairy cooperative is legally binding and is a tax paying entity. In several countries of the world, it lies in the category of partnerships because it is the extension of holdings of its associates. Partnerships are distinct from limited liability companies such as SAS or SA. A dairy cooperative is a business that must be consistent with the statutes model statutes approved by the Ministry of Agriculture. They must also be approved by the High Council for Agricultural Cooperation. A dairy cooperative is a company whose directors are partners, co-workers, elected by their peers in general meeting. In emerging economies of the world like Thailand, Malaysia and Indonesia, a dairy cooperative is a community of men and women whose activities maintain or develop, direct and indirect, in rural areas: Employment, trade, social ties, in short the vitality Farms, cultures, landscapes, biodiversity short Terroirs, crafts, traditions, milk and cheese, short identities. Dairy cooperatives have accelerated the concentration in the milk sector in European countries. Two cooperatives West Eurial and Agrial, announced Friday the approximation of their dairy operations by 2014. The new entity, called Eurial, will be the second in France after dairy cooperative Sodiaal and the sixth player in the sector, dominated by private groups. Eurial collect 2 billion liters of milk from producers 5200 members realize a turnover of à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬ 2 billion and employ 3600 employees combined. No redundancies are planned. This strategic alliance is designed to face the prospect of the end of milk quotas, scheduled for 2015. It encourages the French to find growth opportunities internationally and to prepare such a strong demand from China milk powder. Some major players in the sector are weakened. Sodiaal in trouble on his milk Candia, announced the elimination of 300 jobs, or 20% of the workforce. For the future, the cooperative is associated with the Chinese group Synutra, with whom she has invested in Britain to create a milk drying plant Problems in Indian Dairy Farming and the Need for Cooperatives: It is noteworthy that in view of all the disadvantages in smallholders, especially the small-scale. It is important to create a class of family farmers through cooperatives to improve their competitiveness (Ven Keulen, 2007). This is possible only if the number of dairy cows is more than 30 per each family member. In todays form of family farms operating as cooperatives, productivity can be improved through these measures. On such farms on average per employee per day is 40-60 liters of marketable milk that goes to implementation. These farms are very sensitive to the rising cost of diesel fuel and electricity. Since, costs of milk production can be brought down by seeking cooperative behavior. Farmers drive their cows to pasture and seek to maintain low cost operations. In winter, these farms produce milk around 300 liters and in the summer production range at 1-8 tons. In Indian dairy farm sector, the production is very low-tech (Singh, 2001). For lack of flash cooling capacity, automation and disinfection winter, farms produce milk of grade I-II. A small proportion of these farms are equipped with coolers of milk. Most of these farms are already engaged in preparation of feed and have adopted appropriate technique (James, 2010). Majority of these farms employs a lot of manual labor, and the quality of the milk produced is stable and meets class I. The main problem of Indian farms is low productivity even though farmers on these farms work seven days a week. Farm economy and mortgage framework does not allow for increased production. The fourth type of dairy farms in India is the modern industrial farms. As a rule, these farms are built in the open field (Singh, 2001). The possibility in these farms is of dilution and spoilage of milk. During the last five years, productivity of milkmaids has increased. During the agrarian crisis in India, a slowdown in the growth of agriculture created a vicious circle of falling productivity of land and livestock, which lowered product quality, increased complexity, formed multiple lag wages and even deteriorated social development of rural regions. Presence of a cooperative in such situations would have helped in arresting the downward spiral. This is evidenced by international experience, because a similar pattern was shown in the 70s and early 80s in the US and in other periods in other countries. Thus, the agricultural organizations of rural India would help to improve the standard of living in the region. That is a decrease of agricultural labor substitution industry, reduces the level of mechanization of labor. Thus, the translation process is constrained by the industry on an industrial basis. When dairy farming is organized, savings of total labor costs in dairy farming becomes particularly important due to stabilization and further increases in productivity are not possible without a significant reduction in production costs. The most active and transformative impact on the entire system of factors of productivity in the industry provides scientific and technical progress. In particular, the shift from labor-saving technologies to resource aimed primarily at saving energy and raw materials is important. Thus, cooperatives in Indian dairy farming can help in improving the material and technical base of agriculture, materializing scientific achievements in high-performance means of production, creating new opportunities for forward movement of labor productivity growth and contributing to the emergence of new reserves to reduce the total cost of labor in the production of milk. Thus, the greatest influence of formation of cooperatives in Indian dairy farming sector can be on the productivity of labor, material interest of workers in the industry, the level of livestock feeding, reproduction, herd concentration of milk production and the introduction of comprehensive mechanization of the main production processes on the farms. Calculations show that if after the formation of cooperative, dairy farms achieve an average level of utilization of productive resources, the labor cost savings would amount to 407.4 thousand man-hours, or 10.2% of the labor costs of production. One of the important organizational and economic factors for increasing productivity is to control production costs. Although in farm planning tools focus on the immediate direct producers. In the establishment of farm market special attention should be given to flexibility in planning and adapting to the changing economic conditions. This requires dairy farm owners to create common technical approaches for the development of standards of production costs on the articles and items for different levels of animal productivity. This allows, firstly, more efficient use of labor and material resources, identification of the available reserves of labor productivity growth, labor used in the optimal level of labor intensity, and to determine scientifically the complexity and cost of production, productivity growth and the need for in the labor force in the industry for the future. The use of modern information technologies in their calculation significantly reduces the amount of computation al work carried out; simplify billing system, which ultimately reduces the period of their development. Economically feasible rations for animals are the basis of effective management. Since the nutritional diet consists of a different set of feeds, one needs to select the best feeding option, that is, one that would meet the biological needs for nutrients and have a minimum cost. Cooperative in Indian dairy farm sector may support in this regard. Regulations on feed consumption of cattle head should be supported at different levels of animal productivity in physical and value terms. Such standards should be developed by the dairy cooperative because it also serves a watch-dog industry. The main benefit of cooperative dairy farming is consulting and educational services in the field of dairy farming. It is believed that the effective management of production must keep pace with the times. Therefore, all efforts are focused on enterprise development through the use of modern technologies and adapting them to Indian conditions. Based on collective experience, cooperatives have made the success achieved as a result of those enterprises, specialists who are constantly improving their skills working with animals. Many of cooperatives learn best from their mistakes. But in the dairy business, it may be too expensive. Using the services of professional experts, cooperatives will save both time and money required to achieve farming goals. Experience working with dairy farms, especially those who are beginning to work on new technologies, shows that very often skilled enough of the knowledge that they already have, for professional work with animals. In operation, there are various issues related to housing, feeding and reproduction of dairy cows, etc. Sometimes it is better to get an answer to a question in order to understand a specialist in the right direction it is moving. One of the main problems in the Indian dairy industry is feeding. In particular, the correct calculation of rations on the basis of the farm feed. Cooperatives expert nutritionists can balance rations for the cows, based on the availability of feed and regional characteristics. Social Experiment: In a day-to- day basis, farmers are facing several challenges and these challenges can be rectified through applying and following Community Economic Development concepts. I am going to explain my own experience about milk production in my community and how CED concepts guided the farmers in a sustainable position. Milk production is one of the most common farming methods in Tamil Nadu region. This dairy cooperative is located in a village called Ponnapuram in Pollachi, Tamil Nadu. Few years ago, farmers have to go to private dairy farms or directly to people house to sell their milk products. Through this, farmers were not getting good amount of profit as prices were fixed by those private dairy farms and there was interference of the middleman. Farmers had no other choice in those days than selling for the price fixed by a middleman. Farmers faced a huge challenge to get reasonable profit and also to take care of their animals. As many other villages in Tamil Nadu, farmers in my community are more dependent on a milk production. Few years ago, one of the community activists in Ponnapuram who is also a farmer, involved in milk production for more than 20 years gathered all milk producing farmers for a meeting. He discussed about the situation of farmers in the community and motivated them to work towards a common goal, which is the economic development of all farmers and the community. He gave an idea of community owned cooperative, where it operates as a trading center for farmers to sell their milk products. Everyone in the community agreed to this program and they stopped supplying milk to private dairy farms directly. He collected a small amount of money from each farmer which is affordable and formed an office like community owned cooperative. He created certain policies which will benefit the farmers as well as the community are as follows. i) Created membership for all milk producing farmers in the co mmunity, ii) Farmers meet once in a month to discuss about the price and they will set an mutually agreed price for the products, iii) Farmers should not sell their products to any other third parties and everything should go through the community cooperative. This community owned cooperative directly or indirectly follows certain core principles of cooperatives in their group. Voluntary and Open Membership This dairy cooperative is open to all members of the community without any discrimination of gender, religion and financial status. Autonomy and Independence This dairy cooperative is totally autonomous and members in the community are very much aware of what agreements with other organizations will affect the functions and purpose of this cooperative. Education, Training and Information Senior members of the cooperative educate and demonstrate the techniques of dairy farming to the new and young people who involve in dairy farming. Also, Veterinary camps are being held every 3 months to create awareness for maintaining the Cattles. So now, all the private dairy farms in the community have to come to the cooperative for milk and they cant have any rights in fixing the price for the milk products. Initially, it was difficult for the farmers to make this program successful, but in few months farmers benefited through the cooperative. Cooperative will have a small amount of profit from that milk products which they sell to dairy farms and farmers decided to spend that money for maintenance of cattles. Ponnapuram Community has nearly 300 families involved in this dairy farming and all those people doing dairy farming are members of this cooperative. For more than 2 years now, this community owned cooperative has been successfully benefiting the farmers and enhancing their living standards through Community Economic Development. This is a great example for every other community and farmers who are facing several challenges in a day-to-day basis.